基于LADRC的喉栓式固体火箭发动机压强控制

    Pressure control of pintle solid rocket motor based on LADRC

    • 针对喉栓式固体火箭发动机压强调节存在的强非线性、强时变、几何边界变化和参数摄动等问题,建立了考虑自由容积变化、喷管喉部面积几何约束和线性烧蚀效应的压强动态模型。在平衡点计算和局部线性化分析基础上,提出了采用平衡位移前馈、动态增量补偿及约束量化的线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)方法,并利用差分进化(DE)算法对关键控制参数进行整定,同时设置了基于差分进化优化的PID(DE-PID)与基于固定参数的PID(F-PID)两类对照控制器。结果表明,LADRC在阶跃跟踪、噪声下正弦跟踪、自由容积变化和喷管喉部烧蚀时变条件下均表现出较好的综合性能,超调小且响应迅速;该控制器在实验条件下超调量不超过0.47%,调节时间不超过0.92 s,调节速度为F-PID的2.17~6.44倍,在保持误差水平与DE-PID相当的同时具有更稳定的超调抑制、连续波形保持和扰动恢复能力。

       

      Abstract: To address the strong nonlinearity, strong time-varying characteristics, geometric boundary variations, and parameter perturbations in pressure regulation of pintle solid rocket motors, a pressure dynamic model considering free-volume variation, nozzle-throat area constraints, and linear ablation was established. Based on equilibrium-point calculation and local linearization analysis, a linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) method incorporating equilibrium-displacement feedforward, dynamic incremental compensation, and constraint quantification was proposed, with key control parameters tuned by the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. DE-optimized PID controller (DE-PID) and fixed-parameter PID controller (F-PID) were used for comparison. Results show that LADRC performs well in step tracking, noisy sinusoidal tracking, free-volume variation, and time-varying nozzle-throat ablation, with low overshoot and fast response. Under the tested conditions, the overshoot of the LADRC remains below 0.47%, while the settling time is limited to less than 0.92 s. Its regulation speed is 2.17~6.44 times that of the F-PID. While maintaining an error level comparable to that of the DE-PID, the LADRC provides more stable overshoot suppression, waveform tracking continuity, and disturbance-recovery capability.

       

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