固体推进剂加工工艺的光滑粒子动力学数值仿真

    Numerical simulation of solid propellant processing technology based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics

    • 固体推进剂生产过程中,多组分颗粒与黏合剂需在混合釜中搅拌形成药浆,再通过压差将其浇注至固体发动机燃烧室。混合过程涉及桨叶驱动下的多相组分复杂界面运动,浇注过程则需处理药浆的高屈服应力与挤出不连续特性,二者均难以采用传统网格方法进行有效模拟。基于光滑粒子动力学方法(SPH),结合Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou本构模型与多组分描述框架,建立了适用于固体推进剂药浆混合与浇注工艺过程的数值模型,并进行了平板叶轮混合实验验证。结果表明,该方法在模拟牛顿与非牛顿流体时具有高精度,牛顿与非牛顿流体的Np-Re功率特性曲线模拟偏差分别为7.6%和1.7%。在立式混合机双行星桨叶混合过程中,SPH模拟揭示了实心与空心桨叶通过翻混与捏合产生的混沌效应,以及高涡量热点区的协同作用,使药浆在混合后达到密度极差≤80 kg/m3的均匀状态,并且均匀度方差经历四种阶段演化后趋于稳定。揭示了混合致黏性剪切稀变并使得空心桨叶附近形成的高涡量热点螺旋带状特征。在真空浇注模拟中,SPH方法完整捕捉了药浆的挤出-断裂-回缩、流平堆积及润湿渗透行为,并验证了芯模与浇注孔错位布置的有效性,表明远离注孔区域液面高度一致,药浆具备良好流平性。

       

      Abstract: During solid propellant production, multi-component particles and binders need to be stirred in a mixing kettle to form a slurry and then pressure-poured into the motor chamber. The complex interfacial dynamics of multiphase components during mixing, along with the high yield stress and the discontinuous extrusion of slurry during casting are difficult to be effectively simulated by means of traditional grid-based methods. Based on the smoothed particle hydro-dynamics (SPH) method, combined with the Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou constitutive model and the multi-component description framework, a numerical model suitable for the mixing and casting processes of solid propellant slurry was established, and the mixing experiment was carried out. The results show that this method has high accuracy while simulating Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The simulation deviations of Np-Re power characteristic curves of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are 7.6% and 1.7%, respectively. SPH simulations of planetary mixing reveal chaotic effect from stirring and kneading of solid and hollow double blades, as well as the synergistic effect of high-vorticity hot spots. After mixing, the slurry reaches a uniform state with a density difference within ≤80 kg/m3, and the uniformity square deviation tends to be stabilize after four evolutionary stages. The shear-thinning of the mixture promotes the formation of spiral band of high-vorticity hot spots near hollow blades. For vacuum casting, the SPH simulation completely captures the extrusion-fracture-retraction, leveling accumulation and wetting penetration behavior of the slurry, and verifies dislocation arrangement effectiveness of the core mold and the pouring hole, indicating that the liquid level is highly consistent in the area away from the injection hole, and the slurry has good leveling.

       

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